Gender stereotyped beliefs reinforce the idea that particular types of music, instruments, or occupations are "masculine" or "feminine."

Men have historically dominated the music profession in Western culture. Prior to the 1850s, views such as "it's improper for women to perform in public," "women cannot play brass instruments and look pretty," and "they're not strong enough to play wind instruments" were often expressed. Women were not given the same opportunities as men for music education and training; therefore, few women were able to attain the high levels of performance required for professional music careers.

Through the years, an increasing number of women are playing a wider range of instruments in more professional capacities. But is gender stereotyping over?

Have we seen the end of gender stereotyping in the 21st century? Read Part 2 in two weeks.

Source:
Susan A. O' Neill, "Gender and Music," The Social Psychology of Music
© Oxford University Press, 2004

--Becky Spray, September 15, 2008 © MENC: The National Association for Music Education

Coming up:

Part 2 - What Do the Polls Say?

Part 3 - Crossing the Gender Divide - Tips for Overcoming Gender Stereotypes